Endnotes

1. The estimate of $2,500 to $3,100 is based on information from the following sources:

• Conversation with Mr. Jerry Luor. Traffic Engineering Supervisor, Denver Regional Council of Governments (DRCOG). October 2006. Costs ID: 2007-00117
• Fee Estimate—Millennia Mall Retiming and Scope and Schedule—Millennia Mall Retiming, Bid submitted by TEI Engineering to the City of Orlando, FL. October 2005. Costs ID: 2007-00113
• Heminger, S. "Regional Signal Timing Program—2005 Cycle Program Performance," Memorandum to the California Metropolitan Transportation Commission's Operations Committee. Oakland, CA. October 2006. Costs ID: 2007-00112
• Harris, J. "Benefits of Retiming Traffic Signals: A Reference for Practitioners and Decision Makers About the Benefits of Traffic Signal Retiming," Presented at the ITE 2005 Annual Meeting and Exhibit. Melbourne, Australia. 7–10 August 2005. Costs ID: 2007-00115
• Sunkari, Srinivasa. "The Benefits of Retiming Traffic Signals," ITE Journal. April 2004. Costs ID: 2007-00116
• The National Traffic Signal Report Card: Technical Report, National Transportation Operations Coalition. Washington, DC. 2005. Costs ID: 2007-00114

2. Sources that support these findings:

• Birst, Shawn and Ayman Smadi. "An Evaluation of ITS for Incident Management in Second-Tier Cities: A Fargo, ND Case Study," Paper Presented at ITE 2000 Annual Meeting. Nashville, Tennessee. 6–10 August 2000. Benefits ID: 2007-00335
• Smith, S. and C. Perez. "Evaluation of INFORM—Lessons Learned and Applications to Other Systems," Paper Presented at the 71st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC. 12–16 January 1992. Benefits ID: 2000-00098

3. Sources that support these findings:

• Birst, Shawn and Ayman Smadi. "An Evaluation of ITS for Incident Management in Second-Tier Cities: A Fargo, ND Case Study," Paper Presented at ITE 2000 Annual Meeting. Nashville, TN. 6–10 August 2000. Benefits ID: 2007-00335
• Detroit Freeway Corridor ITS Evaluation, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, EDL No. 13586. July 2001. Benefits ID: 2007-00472
• Innovative Traffic Control Technology and Practice in Europe, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Office of International Programs, Report No. FHWA-PL-99-021. August 1999. Benefits ID: 2007-00355
• ITS Impacts Assessment for Seattle MMDI Evaluation: Modeling Methodology and Results, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration. EDL No. 11323. September 1999. Benefits ID: 2007-00359
• Jeannotte, Krista. "Evaluation of the Advanced Regional Traffic Interactive Management and Information System (ARTIMIS)," Paper Presented at the 11th Annual ITS America Meeting. Miami, FL. June 2001. Benefits ID: 2007-00347
• Metropolitan Model Deployment Initiative: San Antonio Evaluation Report (Final Draft), U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-OP-00-017, EDL No. 12883. May 2000. Benefits ID: 2000-00134
• Smith, S. and C. Perez. "Evaluation of INFORM—Lessons Learned and Applications to Other Systems," Paper Presented at the 71st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC. 12–16 January 1992. Benefits ID: 2000-00098

4. Twin Cities Ramp Meter Evaluation: Final Report. Prepared by Cambridge Systematics for the Minnesota DOT, EDL No. 13425. St. Paul, MN. 1 February 2001. Benefits ID: 2007-00416
5. 2006 Annual Report SMART SunGuide Transportation Management Center (TMC), Florida DOT District IV. January 2007. Correspondence with Mr. Steve Corbin, FDOT District IV, ITS Operations Manager. February 2007. Costs ID: 2007-00120
6. Drakopoulos, Alexander. "CVO/Freight and ITS Session," Presentation at the 12th annual ITS Forum, Wisconsin Chapter of ITS America—Smartways, Marquette University. Milwaukee, WI. 31 October 2006. Benefits ID: 2008-00513
7. Pento, Robert J. "Evaluation of PennDOT ITS Deployments," PennDOT, Bureau of Highway Safety and Traffic Engineering, Presentation to the 2005 Transportation Engineering and Safety Conference. 7 December 2005. Costs ID: 2008-00136
8. Sources that support these findings:

• Evaluation of Rural ITS Information Systems along U.S. 395, Spokane, Washington, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, EDL No. 13955. 8 January 2004. Benefits ID: 2004-00274
• Final Evaluation Report: Evaluation of the Idaho Transportation Department Integrated Road-Weather Information System, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, EDL No. 14267. 2 February 2006. Benefits ID: 2008-00522

9. Sources that support these findings:

• Breen, Bryon D. Anti-Icing Success Fuels Expansion of the Program in Idaho, Idaho Transportation Department, Snow and Ice Pooled Fund Cooperative Program, Web page URL www.sicop.net/US-12%20Anti%20Icing%20Success.pdf. Last Accessed 5 October 2001. Benefits ID: 2001-00214
• Breen, Bryon D. Anti-Icing Success Fuels Expansion of the Program in Idaho, Idaho Transportation Department, Snow and Ice Pooled Fund Cooperative Program, Web page URL www.sicop.net/US-12%20Anti%20Icing%20Success.pdf. Last Accessed 5 October 2001. Benefits ID: 2007-00336
• Case Study #6: Winter Maintenance Innovations Reduce Accidents and Costs—City of Kamloops, Prepared by the McCormick Rankin Corporation and Ecoplans Limited for the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia and Environment. Canada. 2004. Benefits ID: 2008-00526
• O'Keefe, Katie and Xianming Shi. Synthesis of Information on Anti-icing and Pre-wetting for Winter Highway Maintenance Practices in North America: Final Report, Prepared by the Montana State University for the Pacific Northwest Snowfighters Association and the Washington State DOT. 19 August 2005. Benefits ID: 2008-00525

10. Shi, Xianming, et al. Vehicle-Based Technologies for Winter Maintenance: The State of the Practice—Final Report, Transportation Research Board, NCHRP, Project 20-7/Task 200. Washington, DC. September 2006. Costs ID: 2008-00142
11. Sources that support these findings:

• Bushman, R. and C. Berthelot. "Estimating the Benefits of Deploying Intelligent Transportation Systems in Work Zones," Presentation at the 83rd Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting. Washington, DC. 11–15 January 2004. Benefits ID: 2007-00326
• Chu, L., H. Kim, H. Liu, and W. Recker. "Evaluation of Traffic Delay Reduction from Automatic Workzone Information Systems Using Micro-Simulation," Paper Presented at the 84th Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting. Washington, DC. 9–13 January 2005. Benefits ID: 2007-00400

12. Sources that support these findings:

• Fontaine, M.D., P. Carlson, and G. Hawkins, Use of Innovative Traffic Control Devices to Improve Safety at Short-Term Rural Work Zones, Texas Transportation Institute, Report No. 1879-S. College Station, TX. 2000. Benefits ID: 2007-00331
• Garber, N. and S. Patel. Effectiveness of Changeable Message Signs with Radar in Controlling Vehicle Speeds in Work Zones, Virginia Transportation Research Council, Report No. VTRC-95-R4. Charlottesville, VA. 1994. Benefits ID: 2007-00332
• Garber, N. and S. Srinivasan, Effectiveness of Changeable Message Signs with Radar in Controlling Vehicle Speeds in Work Zones, Virginia Transportation Research Council, Report No. VTRC-98-R10. Charlottesville, VA. 1998. Benefits ID: 2007-00330
• McCoy, P. J., J. Bonneson, and J. Kollbaum. Speed Reduction Effects of Speed Monitoring Displays with Radar in Work Zones on Interstate Highways, Transportation Research Board, Report No. TRR 1509. Washington, DC. 1995. Benefits ID: 2007-00329

13. Sources that support these findings:

• Fontaine, M., P. Carlson, and G. Hawkins. Use of Innovative Traffic Control Devices to Improve Safety at Short-Term Rural Work Zones, Prepared by the Texas Transportation Institute for the Texas DOT. 2000. Benefits ID: 2007-00331
• Fontaine, Michael D. and Steven D. Schrock. "Feasibility of Real-Time Remote Speed .Enforcement in Work Zones," Paper Presented at the 81st Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting. Washington, DC. 13–17 January 2002. Benefits ID: 2007-00490
• Garber, N. and Surbhi T. Patel, Effectiveness of Changeable Message Signs in Controlling Vehicle Speeds in Work Zones: Final Report, Virginia Transportation Research Council, Report No. VTRC 95-R4. Charlottesville, VA. August 1994. Benefits ID: 2007-00332
• McCoy, P. J., J. Bonneson, and J. Kollbaum. Speed Reduction Effects of Speed Monitoring Displays with Radar in Work Zones on Interstate Highways, Transportation Research Board, Report No. TRR 1509. Washington, DC. 1995. Benefits ID: 2007-00329

14. Fontaine, Mike. "Operational and Safety Benefits of Work Zone ITS," Presentation to "ITS in Work Zones" Workshop/Peer Exchange. September 2005. Costs ID: 2006-00109
15. "Transit Impact Matrix," U.S. DOT Web site URL itsweb.mitretek.org/its/aptsmatrix.nsf/viewbyEfficiency?OpenView. Last Accessed 12 December 2007.
16. Sources that support these findings:

• APTS Benefits, U.S. DOT Federal Transit Administration. November 1995. Benefits ID: 2000-00028
• Strathman, J., et al. "Evaluation of Transit Operations: Data Applications of Tri-Met's Automated Bus Dispatching System," Transportation, Vol. 29, No. 3. August 2002. Cited in Furth, Peter G., et al. Uses of Archived AVL-APC Data to Improve Transit Performance and Management: Review and Potential, Transit Cooperative Research Program Web Document No. 23. June 2003. Benefits ID: 2000-00151
• Milwaukee County Transit System, Status Report, Milwaukee County. Milwaukee, WI. July 1995. Benefits ID: 2000-00110

17. Harman, Lawrence J. and Uma Shama. TCRP Synthesis 70: Mobile Data Terminals—A Synthesis of Transit Practice, Transportation Research Board, Transit Cooperative Research Program. Washington, DC. 2007. Costs ID: 2008-00147
18. Sources and supporting information:

• Integration of Emergency and Weather Elements into Transportation Management Centers, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-HOP-06-090, EDL No. 14247. 28 February 2006.
• Guidelines for Transportation Management Systems Maintenance Concept and Plans, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-OP-04-011, EDL No. 13882. 31 December 2002.

19. Transportation Management Center Concepts of Operation: Implementation Guide, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWAOP- 99-029, EDL No. 11494. December 1999.
20. Sources supporting this range include:

• 2006 Annual Report SMART SunGuide Transportation Management Center (TMC), Florida DOT, District IV. January 2007. Costs ID: 2007-00120
• Burk, Brian D. "Combined Transportation, Emergency and Communications Center: A Partnership of Performance," Presented at 14th ITS America Annual Meeting. San Antonio, TX. May 2004. Costs ID: 2005-00093
• Krueger, C., et al. The Chicago Traffic Management Center Preliminary Design Study Planning Effort, Chicago DOT. 2003. Costs ID: 2008-00157
• Lake County TMC Study: Implementation Phasing Plan—Version 2.0, Prepared by the National Engineering Technology Corporation. Report No. DCN 2020IIPPR2.0. Arlington Heights, IL. September 2003. Costs ID: 2008-00158
• Perrin, Joseph, Rodrigo Disegni, and Bhargava Rama. Advanced Transportation Management System Elemental Cost Benefit Assessment, Prepared by the University of Utah for the Utah DOT and the U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration. March 2004. Costs ID: 2004-00086

21. Sources supporting this range include:

• 2005 Annual Report SMART SunGuide Transportation Management Center (TMC), Florida DOT, District IV. January 2006. Correspondence with Mr. Steve Corbin, FDOT District IV, ITS Operations Manager. 28 March 2006. Costs ID: 2006-00097
• 2006 Annual Report SMART SunGuide Transportation Management Center (TMC), Florida DOT, District IV. January 2007. Correspondence with Mr. Steve Corbin, FDOT District IV, ITS Operations Manager. February 2007. Costs ID: 2007-00120
• MAG Regional Concept of Transportation Operations, Technical Memorandum No. 5/6, Prepared by Kimley-Horn for the Maricopa Associated of Governments (MAG). Phoenix, AZ. 7 January 2004. Costs ID: 2008-00159
• Transportation Management Center: Business Planning and Plans Handbook, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, TMC Pooled Fund Study. December 2005. Costs ID: 2008-00160
• Transportation Management Center Staffing and Scheduling for Day‑to‑Day Operations, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration. January 2006. Costs ID: 2008-00161

22. Sources that support these findings:

• "1996 ITS Tour Report: Eastern North America," Institute of Transportation Engineers 1996 ITS World Congress, Vol. 1, Pages 4–5. 1997. Benefits ID: 2000-00123
• Bertini, R., et al. Evaluation of Region 2 Incident Response Program Using Archived Data, Portland State University Report No. PSU-CE-TRG-01-01. Portland, OR. June 2001. Benefits ID: 2007-00483
• Performance Evaluation of CHART—Coordinated Highways Action Response Team—Year 2002, University of Maryland, College Park and Maryland State Highway Administration. College Park, MD. November 2003. Benefits ID: 2007-00425
• Petrov, A., et al. "Evaluation of the Benefits of a Real-Time Incident Response System," Paper Presented at the 9th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems. Chicago, IL. 14–17 October 2002. Benefits ID: 2007-00485
• "1996 ITS Tour Report: Eastern North America," Institute of Transportation Engineers 1996 ITS World Congress, Vol. 1, Pages 4–5. 1997. Benefits ID: 2000-00123

23. Sources that support these findings:

• "CDOT Launches Courtesy Patrol on I-70 West," Colorado DOT. Denver, CO. 4 March 2005. Costs ID: 2006-00101
• "Freeway Service Patrol: ‘About FSP'' and ‘Facts at a Glance' Web Site," Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 22 June 2006. Web site URL www.metro.net/news_info/facts.htm. Last Accessed 12 December 2007. Costs ID: 2006-00102
• Hagen, Larry, Huaguo Zhou, and Harkanwal Singh. Road Ranger Benefit—Cost Analysis, Prepared by the University of South Florida for the Florida DOT. November 2005. Correspondence with the report authors (Larry Hagen and Huaguo Zhou). 2006. Costs ID: 2006-00103
• HELP Annual Operating Report, July 1, 2004–June 30, 2005, Tennessee DOT. Nashville, TN. October 2005. Costs ID: 2006-00096
• MDOT Freeway Courtesy Patrol in Southeast Michigan: 2004 Evaluation Report, Southeast Michigan Council of Governments. Detroit, MI. May 2005. Costs ID: 2006-00104

24. Sources that support these findings:

• Cuciti, P. and B. Janson. "Incident Management via Courtesy Patrol: Evaluation of a Pilot Project in Colorado," Paper Presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC. January 1995. Benefits ID: 2000-00068
• Fenno, D. and M. Ogden. "Freeway Service Patrols: A State of the Practice," Paper Presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC. January 1998. Benefits ID: 2000-00130
• Highway Helper Summary Report—Twin Cities Metro Area, Minnesota DOT. St. Paul, MN. July 1994. Benefits ID: 2000-00009
• Latoski, S., et al. "Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Hoosier Helper Freeway Service Patrol," Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 125, No. 5. September/October 1999. Benefits ID: 2000-00002

25. Managing Demand Through Travel Information Services, Prepared for the U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWAHOP- 05-005, EDL No. 14072. 2005. Benefits ID: 2007-00409
26. Hazardous Material Transportation Safety and Security Field Operational Test: Final Report—Deployment Team, U.S. DOT Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. 31 August 2004. Costs ID: 2006-00100
27. Sources that support these findings:

• 2005 Regional Value Pricing Corridor Evaluation and Feasibility Study: Dallas/Fort Worth—Value Pricing History and Experience, North Central Texas Council of Governments. Arlington, TX. June 2005. Benefits ID: 2008-00549
• Douma, Frank, Johanna Zmud, and Tyler Patterson. "Pricing Comes to Minnesota: Baseline Attitudinal Evaluation of the I-394 HOT Lane Project," Paper Presented at the 85th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. Washington, DC. 22–26 January 2006. Benefits ID: 2008-00550

28. 2005 Regional Value Pricing Corridor Evaluation and Feasibility Study: Dallas/Fort Worth—Value Pricing History and Experience, North Central Texas Council of Governments. Arlington, TX. June 2005. Benefits ID: 2008-00549
29. Sources that support these findings:

• Benefits and Costs of Full Operations and ITS Deployment: A 2003 Simulation for Cincinnati, Prepared for the U.S. DOT, Report No. FHWAJPO-04-031, EDL No. 13979. May 2005. Costs ID: 2008-00164
• Benefits and Costs of Full Operations and ITS Deployment: A 2003 Simulation for Seattle, Prepared for the U.S. DOT, Report No. FHWA-JPO-04-033, EDL No. 13977. May 2005. Costs ID: 2008-00165
• Benefits and Costs of Full Operations and ITS Deployment: A 2025 Forecast for Tucson, Prepared for the U.S. DOT, Report No. FHWA-JPO-04-032, EDL No. 13978. May 2005. Costs ID: 2008-00166

30. Vasudevan, Meenakshy, Karl Wunderlich, James Larkin, and Alan Toppen. "A Comparison of Mobility Impacts on Urban Commuting Between Broadcast Advisories and Advanced Traveler Information Services," Paper Presented at the 84th Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting. Washington, DC. 9–13 January 2005. Benefits ID: 2005-00285
31. America's Travel Information Number: Implementation and Operational Guidelines for 511 Services Version 3.0, 511 Deployment Coalition. September 2005. Benefits ID: 2007-00301
32. 511 Deployment Costs: A Case Study, 511 Deployment Coalition. November 2006. Costs ID: 2007-00125
33. Stephens, Jerry, et al. An Evaluation of Montana's State Truck Activities Reporting System, Prepared by the Montana State University for the Montana DOT. 11 August 2003. Benefits ID: 2003-00268
34. Liu, Henry X., et al. A Literature and Best Practices Scan: ITS Data Management and Archiving, University of Wisconsin. Madison, WI. May 2002. Benefits ID: 2008-00559
35. Sources that support these findings:

• National Evaluation of the TMC Applications of Archived Data Operational Test—ADMS Virginia, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-JPO-06-014, EDL No. 14250. August 2005. Benefits ID: 2008-00560
• Smith, Brian L. and Ramkumar Venkatanarayana. "Usage Analysis of a First Generation ITS Data Archive: Lessons Learned in the Development of a Novel Information Technology Application," Paper Presented at the 85th Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting. Washington, DC. 22–26 January 2006.

36. Archived Data Management Systems: A Cross-Cutting Study, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-JPO-05-044, EDL No. 14128. Washington, DC. December 2005. Costs ID: 2008-00173
37. Evaluation of the Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN) Model Deployment Initiative: Volume I—Final Report, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-JPO-04-082, EDL No. 13677. March 2002. Benefits ID: 2002-00241
38. The national survey regarding electronic clearance is discussed in Driver Acceptance of Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) Technology in the Motor Carrier Environment, 1997. Benefits ID: 2000-00141. The Maryland survey is detailed in Bapna and Zaveri, 2000. Benefits ID: 2000-00165
39. Description of Costs Data from State Self-Evaluations of Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN) Deployments (October 2003 to October 2005), U.S. DOT Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, EDL No. 14347. 20 February 2006.
40. Sources that support these findings:

• Assessment of Intelligent Transportation Systems/Commercial Vehicle Operations Users Services: ITS/CVO Qualitative Benefits/Cost Analysis—Executive Summary, American Trucking Associations Foundation. Alexandria, VA. 1996. Benefits ID: 2007-00456
• Maze, T. and C. Monsere. "Analysis of a Multi-State Corridor Deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems for Commercial Vehicle Operations," Paper Presented at the 6th World Congress Conference on ITS. Toronto, Canada. 8–12 November 1999. Benefits ID: 2007-00447

41. Sources that support these findings:

• A Report to the Maryland General Assembly Senate Budget and Taxation Committee and House Appropriations Committee regarding Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Network, Prepared by the Maryland DOT for the Maryland General Assembly. November 1998. Benefits ID: 2000-00142
• Assessment of Intelligent Transportation Systems/Commercial Vehicle Operations Users Services: ITS/CVO Qualitative Benefits/Cost Analysis—Executive Summary, American Trucking Associations Foundation. Alexandria, VA. 1996. Benefits ID: 2007-00455
• Evaluation of the Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN) Model Deployment Initiative: Volume I—Final Report, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-JPO-04-082, EDL No. 13677. March 2002. Benefits ID: 2007-00486
• Maze, T. and C. Monsere. Analysis of a Multi-State Corridor Deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems for Commercial Vehicle Operations, Paper Presented at the 6th World Congress Conference on ITS. Toronto, Canada. 8–12 November 1999. Benefits ID: 2001-00181

42. Sources that support these findings:

• A Report to the Maryland General Assembly Senate Budget and Taxation Committee and House Appropriations Committee regarding Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Network, Prepared by the Maryland DOT for the Maryland General Assembly. November 1998. Benefits ID: 2000-00142
• Assessment of Intelligent Transportation Systems/Commercial Vehicle Operations Users Services: ITS/CVO Qualitative Benefits/Cost Analysis—Executive Summary, American Trucking Associations Foundation. Alexandria, VA. 1996. Benefits ID: 2007-00457
• Automated Enforcement in Transportation, Institute of Transportation Engineers, Report No. IR-100. Washington, DC. December 1999. Benefits ID: 2007-00341

43. Electronic Intermodal Supply Chain Manifest Field Operational Test Evaluation Final Report, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, EDL No. 13769. December 2002. Benefits ID: 2003-00254
44. Hazardous Material Transportation Safety and Security Field Operational Test: Final Report—Deployment Team, U.S. DOT Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. 31 August 2004. Costs ID: 2006-00100
45. Integrated Vehicle Based Safety Systems: A Major ITS Initiative, U.S. DOT, Report No. FHWA-JPO-05-019, EDL No. 14084. August 2005. Benefits ID: 2008-00572
46. Kittelson and Associates, et al. TCRP Report 118: Bus Rapid Transit Practitioner's Guide, Transportation Research Board, Transit Cooperative Research Program. Washington, DC. 2007. Costs ID: 2008-00148
47. Private Sector Deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Current Status and Trends, U.S. DOT, Report No. FHWA-JPO-06-028, EDL No. 14266. February 2006. Costs ID: 2008-00175
48. TravTek Evaluation Modeling Study, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-RD-95-090, EDL No. 4403. January 1996. Benefits ID: 2000-00078
49. Evaluation of Intelligent Cruise Control System: Volume I—Study Results, U.S. DOT, Report No. DOT-VNTSC-NHTSA-98-3, EDL No. 11843. October 1999. Benefits ID: 2007-00481
50. Bose, A. and P. Ioannou. "Evaluation of the Environmental Effects of Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC) Vehicles," Paper Presented at the 80th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC. 7–11 January 2001. Benefits ID: 2001-00202
51. Sources that support these findings:

• Farmer, C. Effect of Electronic Stability Control on Automobile Crash Risk, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Arlington, VA. 2004. Benefits ID: 2008-00577
• Ohono and Shimura. Results From the Survey on Effectiveness of Electronic Stability Control (ESC), National Agency for Automotive Safety and Victims' Aid. 18 February 2005. Benefits ID: 2008-00578
• Preliminary Results Analyzing the Effectiveness of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) Systems, U.S. DOT National Highway Traffic Safety Agency, Report No. DOT HS 809 790. September 2004. Benefits ID: 2008-00579
• "Update on Electronic Stability Control," Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Status Report, Vol. 41, No. 5. 13 June 2006. Benefits ID: 2008-00580

52. "Update on Electronic Stability Control," Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Status Report, Vol. 41, No. 5. 13 June 2006. Benefits ID: 2008-00580
53. Private Sector Deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Current Status and Trends, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-JPO-06-028, EDL No. 14266. February 2006. Costs ID: 2008-00175
54. Haselkorn, M., et al. Evaluation of PuSHMe Mayday System. Prepared by the Washington State Transportation Center (TRAC) for the Washington State Transportation Commission. September 1997. Benefits ID: 2000-00027
55. Automated Collision Notification (ACN) Field Operational Test (FOT) Evaluation Report, U.S. DOT National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Report No. DOT-HS-809-304, EDL No. 13830. February 2001. Benefits ID: 2003-00252
56. Private Sector Deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Current Status and Trends, U.S. DOT Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-JPO-06-028, EDL No. 14266. February 2006. Costs ID: 2008-00175